wait(), notify(), 和 notifyAll() 是 Java 中用于线程间通信和同步的方法，它们都是 Object 类中的方法，而非 Thread 类的方法。这些方法通常与 synchronized 关键字一起使用，用于实现线程之间的协作和互斥访问共享资源。

关于生产者-消费者的例子：

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;

public class ProducerConsumerExample {
    private static final int MAX_CAPACITY = 5;
    private static final Queue<Integer> buffer = new LinkedList<>();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread producerThread = new Thread(new Producer(), "ProducerThread");
        Thread consumerThread = new Thread(new Consumer(), "ConsumerThread");

        producerThread.start();
        consumerThread.start();
    }

    static class Producer implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int value = 0;
            while (true) {
                synchronized (buffer) {
                    try {
                        while (buffer.size() == MAX_CAPACITY) {
                            System.out.println("Buffer is full, producer is waiting...");
                            buffer.wait();
                        }

                        System.out.println("Producing value: " + value);
                        buffer.offer(value++);
                        buffer.notifyAll();

                        Thread.sleep(1000); // 模拟生产过程
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    static class Consumer implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                synchronized (buffer) {
                    try {
                        while (buffer.isEmpty()) {
                            System.out.println("Buffer is empty, consumer is waiting...");
                            buffer.wait();
                        }

                        int consumedValue = buffer.poll();
                        System.out.println("Consuming value: " + consumedValue);
                        buffer.notifyAll();

                        Thread.sleep(1000); // 模拟消费过程
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}